Belize Krismos Bram and Sambai Inscribed by UNESCO as Intangible Cultural Heritage of Humanity
The inscription of Krismos Bram and Sambai as an element on UNESCO’s Representative List of the Intangible Cultural Heritage of Humanity (ICH) marks a monumental moment for Belize, especially the Creole (Kriol) culture. This List is comprised of intangible cultural elements that illustrate the diversity of global heritage and draw attention to their importance. The recognition affirms the historical depth, social value, and artistic integrity of a community tradition rooted in African heritage. It is the second Belizean element to receive such distinction, following the Garifuna Language, Music, and Dance in 2001. The inscription underscores the significance of protecting practices that strengthen cultural identity. Being recognized by UNESCO shines a global light on a tradition that continues to hold immense cultural and social meaning.
Krismos Bram
Krismos is the Creole translation of the word “Christmas”, as the tradition is annually celebrated on December 25th and 26th. It is a spirited festivity that takes place in Creole communities, particularly Gales Point Manatee Village. Gales Point Manatee, also known as “Malanti” in Creole, is a historic maroon community. Dating back to the colonial era, enslaved Africans escaped slavery in the late 18th and early 19th centuries, settling on the scenic peninsula along Belize’s Central Coast.
The bramming begins with a lively procession of musicians, dancers, and singers moving from house to house. They perform catchy call-and-response songs reminiscent of sub-Saharan African customs. The Gumbay and Sambai drums set the upbeat rhythm as residents and returning family members join the celebration. They share food, beverages, and camaraderie! The north-to-south procession happens on Christmas Day and reverses direction on Boxing Day.
Sambai
The Sambai follows the Bram, performed around a small bonfire under the starry night sky. Participants take turns dancing as they tag others to join and “jump Sambai”. There’s no resisting the hypnotic drumming at a Sambai bonfire. In fact, it brings out moves you may never have thought you had! Lead drummers and singers blend traditional and contemporary songs, many reflecting social issues or stories orally transmitted from generation to generation. Both traditions are carried out with pride, passion, and a joy that reflects the warm spirit of Belize’s Creole culture.
Keeping the Culture Alive
The endurance of Krismos Bram and Sambai throughout the centuries is tied to community stewardship. Master practitioners like Emmeth Young and Sharlene Andrewin are key figures in the village, helping to keep the culture alive. Other contributors include the Gales Point Cultural Dance Group, Youth for Justice, Maroon Kriol Drumming School, Drums not Guns, the National Kriol Council, and the National Institute of Culture and History, specifically the Institute for Social and Cultural Research. These individuals and organisations collectively safeguard the tradition’s continuity, showcasing Bram and Sambai across Belize through performances, workshops, and other initiatives.
Becoming an element on UNESCO’s list of Intangible Cultural Heritage of Humanity was no easy feat. However, after years of documenting this tradition with strong community involvement, the achievement ignites a deeper appreciation and optimism that Krismos Bram and Sambai will be around for generations to come.